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Pedro Espada Jr.
Pedro Espada, Jr. (born October 20, 1953) is an American politician and former Democratic member of the New York Senate for the 33rd Senate District. He was the New York State Senate Majority Leader and Vice President Pro Tempore for Urban Policy of the Senate. He was at the center of the June 2009 change in power in the Senate, one of two Democratic senators who voted to appoint Republican Dean Skelos as Majority Leader; Espada himself was chosen to be Temporary President. After his return to the Democratic caucus on July 9, 2009, Espada was chosen Majority Leader of the New York State Senate. Dogged by scandals, Espada was defeated by Gustavo Rivera on Sept. 14, 2010, in a primary election in his bid to retain his state senate seat 32.66% to Rivera's 62.21%. He was indicted on six federal counts of embezzlement and theft on December 14, 2010, and stripped of his leadership position in the State Senate the same day.
==Early life and career==
Espada was born in Coamo, Puerto Rico in 1953 and moved with his family to New York City at the age of five.〔Rauh, Grace. ("Bronx's Espada To Be Top Hispanic State Official" ), ''NY1'', June 6, 2008. Accessed June 9, 2009.〕 His family settled in the Mott Haven section of the Bronx, where he attended the New York City Public Schools. He attended Fordham University, where he graduated in 1975 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Espada subsequently took graduate level coursework at the Hunter College School of Social Work and also received graduate training certificates from open enrollment programs at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and from the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, and received certification in 1990 from the Real Estate Institute at NYU's School of Continuing and Professional Studies.〔(Pedro Espada, Jr.'s Biography ), New York State Senate. Accessed June 8, 2009.〕
In the late 1970s, Espada was a community organizer and educator in Harlem and the Lower East Side in Manhattan, and in the South Bronx. He established and served as president of the Comprehensive Community Development Corporation and was the executive director of the Soundview Health Center.〔
Espada had become head of the tenant's association at Stevenson Commons and led the effort in 1978 to open what became the Soundview Health Center after the city's economic problems led to a decision to not establish a promised clinic in the complex. The empty building that was to have been the clinic was leased by the group and $50,000 in federal grants was obtained, with the first patient taken in October 1981. By 1992, Soundview was offering medical and preventive care to 45,000 patients annually, and was also running a computer literacy program, serving lunch to hundreds of seniors daily and distributing surplus food. ''The New York Times'' noted that the health center featured Espada's name and image throughout the facility, describing it as having "elements of a cult of personality", though Espada explained that they are there as "The community has to know you" so that "In the end, they will trust you".〔Martin, Douglas. ("ABOUT NEW YORK; A Waiting Room, Happy Patients and the Future" ), ''The New York Times'', February 22, 1992. Accessed June 9, 2009.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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